摘　要：用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对实际运行后的循环流化床(CFB)锅炉水冷壁管局部磨损区域的微观形貌进行观察和分析,研究了局部磨蚀坑的形成过程,提出了CFB锅炉水冷壁快速磨损失效的新机制和"微区凿削"磨损模型.结果表明:水冷壁失效主要是高攻击角颗粒撞击磨损与低攻击角颗粒冲刷磨损结合的局部快速冲蚀形成小而深的磨蚀坑,磨蚀坑下部台阶磨损失效的微观机制是撞击-疲劳-塑性变形-表面微裂纹-冲刷-脱落,磨损速率最快;底部磨损失效的微观机制为冲刷-切削-撞击-剥落,磨损速率较快;两侧面的失效机制为氧化膜破碎脱落,磨损速率最慢.3种磨损机制的综合作用使局部磨蚀坑迅速向深部发展,从而使水冷壁管快速减薄失强而引起爆管事故.
关键词：循环流化床锅炉;微区凿削;快速磨损;机理
分类号：TK229.6+6 　文献标识码：A
文章编号：1004-9649(2007)01-0048-04

Mechanism of rapid erosion failure in CFB boilers

DENG Hua-ling　 WANG Yong　 SONG Yun-jing　 YUE Zeng-wu　

基金项目：山东电力集团公司重点科技攻关项目(2004A-32)
作者简介：邓化凌(1971-),男,山东菏泽人,博士,副教授,从事循环流化床锅炉磨损机理与防磨技术的研究. E-mail:yourdeng@sina.com
作者单位：邓化凌（山东电力研究院,山东,济南,250002）　
　　　　　 王勇（中国石油大学,山东,东营,257061）　
　　　　　 宋云京（山东电力研究院,山东,济南,250002）　
　　　　　 岳增武（山东电力研究院,山东,济南,250002）　

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